Surface analysis demonstrated that these functional groups produced a wide range of wettability and charge: -OEG (hydrophilic and moderate iso-electric point (IEP)), -CH3 (strongly hydrophobic and low IEP), -PO3H2 (moderate wettability and low IEP), -OH (hydrophilic and moderate IEP), -NH2 (moderate wettability and high IEP) and -COOH (hydrophilic and low IEP).
For kaolinite the overall elemental composition has been found to affect the IEP and in particular increased Al-content was found to increase the IEP [33].
Bovine serum albumin (AR, Shanghai Lanji Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., China; M w = 67 kDa; isoelectric point, IEP 4.7) was stored in a refrigerator.
The point where surface charge density equals zero is defined as point of zero charge (PZC), while the point where zeta potential equals zero is defined as isoelectric point (IEP) [41, 44].
To examine the effect of solution ionic strength (IS) and pH on the hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and isoelectric point (IEP), TiO2 (P25) was dispersed in NaCl solutions with different molar concentrations and the solution pH was adjusted by adding HCl and NaOH (case 1).
Schools are filled with letters and numbers: IEP, 504, ELL, SLO, ESL, IDEA … the list goes on.
Mobile group II introns employ a remarkable site-specific DNA integration mechanism, termed retrohoming, in which the excised intron RNA inserts directly into a DNA target site and is then reverse transcribed by the intron-encoded protein (IEP) [1], [2].
Reverse splicing occurs in two steps, the first of which is attachment of intron lariat RNA to the 5' end of the 3' exon leaving a strand break, while second-strand cleavage is a conventional DNA endonuclease reaction catalyzed by the IEP [1].
RNPs initiate DNA integration by recognizing DNA target sites, with most of the target sequence recognized by base pairing of the intron RNA and only a small number of bases recognized by the IEP [3] [7].
A schematic outline of formulation process has been illustrated in Figure 2. We have utilized the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged siRNA and positive charge gelatin (type A, IEP ~8-9) to formulate the S6S encapsulated GNCs.
A limited number of genetically characterized gene homologues, such as pgsBCA (ywsC- ywtAB in the Marburg 168 counterpart) [ 9, 10], degQ (iep) [ 11] and comQXPA [ 12] are also present in the genome of B. subtilis Marburg 168.
