Therefore, shutting down the engine during idling phases can improve their overall efficiency.
Switching off the engine reduces fuel consumption during long idling phases.
per trip Avoid kick down 1.0 Accelerate at high engine torque 1.8 Decelerate using wear-free braking systems 3.8 Stall engine at long idling phases 0.3.
Each profile assumes a fixed period, which can be divided into two parts: an active phase, the duty cycle, and an idle phase.
Cognitive users can access data channel for transmission after successfully passing through series of phases, such as idle phase (Tidle), parallel sensing phase (Tps), sharing phase (Tshar), and contention phase (Tcont) as shown in Fig. 3.
DGGE analysis of biofilter samples revealed that shifts in the community structure of AOB were observed in the experiment; however, the idle phase did not cause the structural shift of AOB.
The CV experiments on the stagnant electrode revealed that the decrease of the ammonia oxidation peaks was considerably reduced by introducing an idle phase at open circuit potential between subsequent scans.
Although the AEI regime has exhibited some merits, its main drawback that the extended-idle phase (e.g., 210 450 min) is much longer than the anaerobic phase (e.g., 60 120 min) performed in the aerobic/oxic (A/O) regime requires to be addressed.
Duration of the idle phase The idle phase duration defines the rate of cell division.
At the moment of growth phase completion, the cell enters idle phase.
The cell cycle in the model is described in the formalism of DG stochastic rules as a sequence of two phases: growth phase and idle phase.
