"Examples may include curbing the strong dependence on artificial fertilizers by promoting organic farming techniques, or reducing the overall distance traveled by people and goods by fostering local, decentralized economies". The other is to identify substitutes for vulnerable sectors with outputs from less vulnerable sectors.
Small molecule libraries and combinations of compounds have been screened to identify substitutes for transgenic DNA delivery.
We examined the neighborhood of the mir-34 family in the seed network (fig. 5) to identify substitutes for mir-34 with an identical expression pattern.
To identify substitute products for use in an intervention study, we tested samples of "alternative" products selected because their labels indicated that they might be free of the chemicals of concern.
In its quest to identify possible substitutes for the flame retardant chemical decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), which will be phased out of production in the USA by December 2013, the US Environmental Protection Agency EPAA) has released a draft report on alternatives.
More efforts are required to identify chemical substitutes for OCT4 in human cell reprogramming.
Three types of atomic substitutions were found and identified: carbon substituting for boron, carbon substituting for nitrogen, and oxygen substituting for nitrogen.
Antimicrobial peptides have been identified as possible substitutes for chemicals used as drugs or food preservatives, owing to their high specificity, easy degradability in the environment, and low toxicity.
In a recent study, Graedel and his colleagues tried to identify the best substitutes for 62 metals.
Chlorinated alkylphosphate esters, particularly TCPP, have been identified as possible substitutes for the flame retardant pentabromodiphenyl.
A study by Ullman and co-workers demonstrated that site-saturation mutagenesis could be used to identify functional Cys substitutes, for individual Cys residues that could not be successfully replaced by Ala or Ser [ 29].
