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A categorical variable identifying ethnic groups stratified by country of birth was fitted in this model, which was then adjusted for age and gender.
Across the world, wide variations in retinopathy prevalences have been reported, identifying ethnic groups such as Maoris and Pacific Islanders and African, Mexican, and Hispanic Americans as having a particularly high risk (22, 23).
Identifying ethnic groups with poor knowledge of cervical cancer and low engagement with cancer prevention services would highlight where interventions to reduce inequalities need to be directed.
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Two elements provide the basis to identify ethnic groups: first, the accentuation of cultural traits and, second, the sense that those traits distinguish the group from the members of the society who do not share the differentiating characteristics.
They point to assorted statistics like a 69 percent increase, between 2009 and 2011, in crimes committed by Romanian citizens (by law, French statistics do not identify ethnic groups like the Roma) and the 23 percent of crimes committed by minors in Paris in 2010 attributed to young Romanians.
However, this method does not allow us to identify ethnic groups within a country, which is of particular interest for the Surinamese population, which consists of several sub-populations.
15 Further, since estimated ethnicity is based on the PCT population rather than those accessing maternity services, the pattern of ethnicity included in our study may capture characteristics of the PCT population related to perinatal and infant mortality rather than directly relate to the identified ethnic group.
Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) accounted for 20.7% of this age group, with 9.8% identifying Pacific ethnic groups, 9.9% Asian ethnic groups, 62.4% European and 9.0% as other ethnic group.
The lack of ethnicity data on death certificates meant that, though we were able to identify South Asian origin people from their names, we were not able to identify other ethnic groups which may be of increased risk.
We first assessed associations between ethnic group and CJP to identify which ethnic groups were at higher risk of CJPs compared with the White British reference group.
Our study confirms the rationale of these recommendations and identifies the ethnic groups particularly at risk, as well as North African women and Southern Asians of both sexes.
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