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Lastly, we show how to implement quasi-experimental shift-share designs with new shock-level regressions, which help visualize identifying shock variation, correct standard errors, choose appropriate specifications, test identifying assumptions, and optimally combine multiple sets of quasi-random shocks.
The results are robust to various identifying assumptions, and are consistent with both publication bias and bias due to non-robust identification strategies to obtain causal estimates in the literature.
So far, findings for single countries provide inconclusive evidence; they are largely dependent on the specific context and to identifying assumptions and usually only focus on the short-term impact of changes in youth minimum wages.
Theory-based approaches have been described as filling an "evaluation deficit" by identifying assumptions and tacit understandings that implementers may have regarding how a programme should work [ 62, 63].
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They draw on positive and negative business examples where possible, identify assumptions and discuss how entrepreneurs can use feedback to make their business models better.
The analysis was conducted in several steps with the aim of identifying assumptions, values and norms with regard to practices associated with patient safety.
These are: Identifying long term goals Backwards mapping and connecting outcomes Identifying assumptions Identifying long term goals Backwards mapping and connecting outcomes Identifying assumptions This process informed our evaluation strategy for the programme by identifying key outcomes, process indicators and assumptions that required testing.
Alternative estimators are described along with their identifying assumptions, the behavioral implications of those assumptions, and the data requirements for implementation.
In our view, the key issue is whether the identifying assumptions entailed by ADR's and DLR's use of local controls lead to more biased or less biased estimates of the employment effect of minimum wages.
To do so, try six things: Ask questions instead of sharing your own opinion; help quiet team members speak up, and don't let the talkers dominate; make it safe for people to share risky ideas; take a contrarian view; identify key assumptions and dissect them; and encourage transparent advocacy instead of hard selling.
Our checks suggest that our identifying assumptions are generally valid.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com