HMMs have been used to cluster time series expression data (Schliep et al., 2005), to model dynamic regulatory networks (Ernst et al., 2007), to align Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry time series (Listgarten et al., 2004), and to identify timing differences in time series expression data (Yoneya and Mamitsuka, 2007).
The aim of this article is to present a novel approach for identifying timing of transcriptional activity from time series mRNA expression data.
The median (IQR) time of first appearance of reverse mutations was 58 (44–156) days, while the time of first appearance of escape mutations from the wild type was 236 (198–261) days, providing further support for the identified timing pattern in the evolution of different types of Gag mutations.
The study identified timing of different types of in vivo Gag mutations in primary HIV-1 subtype C infection in relation to the estimated time of seroconversion by using a novel approach of direct mapping of Gag mutations along the timeline of HIV-1 infection.
They identified timing was an issue as on average their participants had been in continuing care for >2 years.
ConTA, the second phase of the CWA framework, examines the constraints on what needs to be done, identifying timing, decision-making processes, and expert shortcuts.
For the primary model (excluding fluconazole) the only independent predictor of LOS identified was timing of initial antifungal therapy: a one day delay in starting anti-aspergillus antifungal therapy was associated with approximately 1.28 days longer LOS (p < 0.0001).
A critical activity in the development of a real-time system is to identify potential timing requirements (or constraints) of the system and capture the time-related information in appropriate system models.
Whereas this may not be problematic for some applications, e.g. comparing geographical differences in timing of emigration, it is important to identify the timing of transition from dependence to independence from the natal locus when studying dispersal.
This article was amended on Saturday 2 April 2016, to correctly identify the timing of the last mass extinction.
The main advantage of cohort studies is that they identify the timing and directionality of events.
