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"We try to teach everybody that you have to identify beforehand what's the primary outcome," said Dr. William Weiner, the director of the Maryland Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center and a professor of neurology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, referring to the measure of success determined before the study began.
While general decision-theoretic planning that takes into account the uncertainty about the environment is hard to scale to large problems, many such problems exhibit a special property: one can clearly identify beforehand the best (called clearly preferred) values for the variables that represent the unknowns in the environment.
To avoid fluid overload it is important to identify beforehand the patients for whom volume expansion would increase arterial pressure and those patients who do not benefit from fluid administration.
A recent study showed potential benefits with immunization for nicotine dependence (12), but the beneficial effects has largely been confined to those with high antibody titers, a group that so far has not been possible to identify beforehand.
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Iran today faces the prospect of a bloody Sunday after opposition supporters clashed violently with security forces yesterday at the start of a key religious ceremony that had been identified beforehand as a dangerous flashpoint.
They have relied on sampling populations that have been identified beforehand because most population genetics methods have required discrete populations.
This is realized by sequential construction and relocation of small design space segments (patches) in order to create a path connecting the extreme Pareto front designs identified beforehand.
A pulmonary artery is not normally present in the posterior region of the inferior pulmonary vein, and thus resection of the lower lobe and segmentectomy in this patient would have had a risk of injuring the blood vessel if the A7 branch had not been identified beforehand.
For samples run with FID, compounds had been identified beforehand using GC-MS.
Our filtering method could inform the likely difference in intensity since the probes furthest away from the optimal hybridisation temperature could be identified beforehand and assumptions about their ability to hybridise could be built into the design a priori.
The × temperature was identified beforehand by temperature gradient PCR in order to select the optimum temperature for each primer.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com