Serious newspapers, meanwhile, had identified a phenomenon known as "the limited revolt of the intellectual against the welfare state".
In 2006, the political scientists Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler identified a phenomenon called the "backfire effect".
Researchers also have identified a phenomenon they have dubbed the "glass cliff": an equivalent to the all-too-well-known glass ceiling.
Jeffrey Gramlich of the Hoops Institute at Washington State University and Janie Whiteaker-Poe of Baylor University have identified a phenomenon they call "the disappearing subsidiary".
But the US philosopher Alfred Mele identified a phenomenon he calls "twisted self-deception": when the self-deceiver convinces himself of the truth of precisely what he does not want to believe.
One should admittedly be cautious in extrapolating such results.[52] Still, both Eliasoph and Naurin identify a phenomenon that actually goes in the opposite direction of what Elster's view implies.
The PSM approach uses three steps to bridge abstraction levels: 1) identify a phenomenon of interest in a specific phase of a transition and on or across levels of the multi-level perspective, 2) specify and operationalize the phenomenon of interest, and 3) identify mechanisms which are (partial) explanations of the phenomenon of interest.
In 1945, studies identified a phenomenon termed "wet lung", in which the lungs accumulated fluid and were simultaneously less able to remove it.
Donut Earth Theory, at its most basic, "doesn't start off with a question that we need to answer," Dr. Tabetha Boyajian, one the astrophysicists who identified a phenomenon in another solar system that the media speculated was an alien megastructure, told VICE.
