We [10], [11], as well as others [6] [9] have identified TRAIL-induced apoptosis in several cell types during HIV-1 infection.
In addition, multivariate analyses identified TRAIL-γ as an independent prognostic marker.
With this set of experiments, we identified TRAIL-R2 as the receptor responsible for mediating the TRAIL-related effects on adipocyte metabolism.
These previously unknown splice variants were not clearly detectable in RNase protection assays (Dejosez et al, 2000), because only 43 bp (TRAIL- β) or 181 bp (TRAIL- γ) differences in length were found in comparison with the primarily identified TRAIL- α transcript (Wiley et al, 1995; Pitti et al, 1996).
Our study, identifying TRAIL, JNK and Bim as critical elements in APAP-induced hepatocyte cell death in vitro and in vivo, has added new elements into this scheme of underlying mechanisms of APAP-induced liver damage.
Other subtler touches include morning handouts of maps identifying trails that were groomed overnight, and boxes of tissues at lifts.
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-R1 (DR4), TRAIL-R2 (DR5), TRAIL-R3 (DcR1), and TRAIL-R4 (DcR2) have been identified as TRAIL receptors (Pan et al, 1997a, 1997b; Sheridan et al, 1997; Wu et al, 1997; Mongkolsapaya et al, 1998).
Of the five TRAIL receptors identified so far, TRAIL-R1 (DR4), TRAIL-R2 (DR5/TRICK/KILLER) and TRAIL-R4 (DcR1/TRUNDD) encode classical type-I transmembrane proteins (Pan et al, 1997a, 1997b).
One senior British figure said that a lengthy EU campaign to rein in savers who attempt to avoid tax had eventually identified a trail leading to Switzerland.
