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Several genome duplications have been identified in the evolution of seed plants, providing unique systems for studying karyological processes promoting diversification and speciation.
Consequently, two stages can be identified in the evolution of wear during the present study: the first stage (Stage I) with high initial wear rate, continuously decreasing between 0 and 2500 cycles; the second stage (Stage II) with low constant wear rate (steady-state wear process).
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The mutations identified in the viral evolution experiments may compensate for such unwanted tTA to rtTA structural changes, and thus specifically enhance rtTA activity.
During the 9 month observation period, when pandemic viruses were identified in Finland, the evolution rate at the amino acid level was estimated to be approximately 1.5% for the HA1 molecule and 1.1% for the NA molecule, respectively (Figure 6).
Different phases in the layer formation process were identified in the open circuit potential evolution as a function of immersion time in the conversion solution.
General factors are those that have been identified in the more classic models for the evolution of cooperation (noted below), whereas dynamical factors are those specific to the cross-feeding context.
A similar proposal can be applied to explain the mosaic evolution identified in the three gene pairs we investigated.
In the third step, the six partitioning strategies retained in the first step were re-tested, this time applying the best scoring model of sequence evolution identified in the second step to the partitions.
Given the paucity of brain expressed coding-genes with high rates of evolution identified in the majority of genome scans (e.g. [ 49- 52] but see [ 53]) this raises the intriguing possibility that microcephaly genes are hotspots for positive selection among brain expressed coding genes.
We then assessed whether the unique mutations identified in the coding regions of our various evolution experiments occurred in the codons inferred to be evolving non-neutrally within the genomes of field isolated MSV-A isolates.
Based on the gross picture of synteny among barley and rice and keeping in mind the WGD pattern identified in the rice genome, a structural genome evolution model for barley was derived.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com