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I argue that not only is theory important for the interpretation of causal findings, but in many research designs, theory is necessary for the identification of standard causal estimands.
In particular, I show that when empiricists study a sequence of post-treatment behavioral outcomes, post-treatment selection can prevent the identification of standard causal estimands, even when standard (empirical) identification assumptions hold.
From the very beginning the StrucEluc system was intended for the identification of standard organic molecules.
Another important issue is the one Hardin 2004, 2008 and Cohen 2009 raise: that it depends on some non-arbitrary identification of standard conditions, and normal observers, one that cannot be satisfied.
The identification of standard strains and common clinical isolates by PCR and sequencing in this study demonstrates that this method is consistent with conventional laboratory methods.
It was shown that group identification of standard solutions and incurred samples of penicillin, OTC, and enrofloxacin remained correct; unfortunately no data for the other antibiotic groups are available.
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The identification of standards and metrics for measuring disaster resilience is one of the challenges faced by local, state, and federal agencies, especially in the United States.
In this study, the identification of standards in the chromatogram was confirmed by retention times and ion pairs determined by MRM.
By the former we mean efforts such as the MIAME (Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment) [38] or the MIAPE (Minimum Information About a Proteomics Experiment) [39], which are aimed the identification of standards to perform high-throughput experiments and to communicate the results.
Accreditation is a kind of formal identification of standards for schools in any field, whether it's trade schools or universities.
Once developed identification of these standard signs could be tested amongst health workers in non-research settings who are expected to use guidelines which are based on such clinical signs.
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characterization of standard
identification of rules
identification of criteria
references of standard
identification of benchmarks
identification of regulations
identification of normative
requirements of standard
identification of standards
detection of standard
identification of the level
identification of standardized
identify standard
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