This eventually led to the identification of germ line mutations in MSH2 [ 7] and MLH1 [ 8], respectively.
The identification of germ line variants that affect the expression of longevity-associated genes will facilitate further high-throughput genetic epidemiologic studies of human aging.
This technique relies upon an automated random sampling (thus avoiding bias) of testis sections and the precise identification of germ cell types.
In such instances, the staining of sections with PAS (or electron microscopy) is particularly helpful as it will allow a precise identification of germ cell sub-types.
Identification of germ-cell-specific meiotic genes in multicellular organisms is a complex task because gonads contain distinct types of cells, of which only a fraction are germ cells.
Palles et al. recently reported the identification of germ-line mutations in the POLE and POLD1 genes in individuals with multiple colorectal adenomas, carcinoma, or both, or early onset of this disease using whole-genome sequencing.
AMH is expressed in Sertoli cell cytoplasm but not in germ cells, so we used AMH immunostaining to facilitate identification of germ cells and MNGs, and to quantify the frequency of MNGs in human fetal testis xenografts and in E21.5 fetal rat testes.
Another company working on the rapid identification of dangerous germs is Isis Pharmaceuticals, which is researching antisense drugs, a class of drugs that control the expression of genes through interaction with ribonucleic acid, a.k.a.a
This panel of transcription factors permits, first, the confident identification of a germ cell tumor and second, the more subtle discrimination between germ cell tumor subclasses such as seminoma/germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor and choriocarcinoma.
An identified mutation was verified on the tumour DNA and then on the normal DNA (PBL) for the identification of a germ-line mutation.
If a precise identification of where germ cells are being lost is required, then a stereological approach will be more appropriate.
