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The purpose of this study was to design and validate a self-reported assessment tool for the identification of frailty.
Early identification of frailty is important for proactive primary care.
Each study used different methods for the definition and identification of frailty and physical function (Table 2).
Many focus on the identification of frailty [ 17], acting as short surrogates for Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment [ 18].
1, 5, 6 Due to its prognostic role, the identification of frailty is of crucial importance in patients with HF.
17 The identification of frailty as a predisability condition may allow for preventative interventions against disability 77 78 and facilitate a paradigm of personalised medicine in old age.
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Another contentious point in defining and measuring frailty is whether to include performance-based measurements, especially for the identification of physical frailty.
The ultimate goal would be the identification of robust frailty biomarkers that can add on, or maybe even (partly) replace, the extensive clinical GA that is suggested nowadays.
7 They reported that most researchers focus on the following domains for identification of physical frailty: mobility, such as lower extremity performance and gait abnormalities; muscle weakness; poor exercise tolerance; unstable balance and factors related to body composition, such as weight loss, malnutrition and muscle loss.
Older age contributed, to a lesser extent, to the identification of pre-frailty (Odds Ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.1) and frailty (Odds Ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.2) for the current cohort.
A joint approach using primary prevention (early identification and management of frailty) and secondary prevention (management of vascular risk) initiatives is needed to help reduce the vascular risk and CVD-related consequences associated with frail older people.
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