In addition, P deficiency led to an upregulation of a malate dehydrogenase and a succinate dehydrogenase, but in all cases expression levels did not differ between genotypes.
Various metabolic engineering strategies were used to manipulate carbon flux from pyruvate to malate: (i) overexpression of pyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase; (ii) identification of the bottleneck in malate production by model iNX804; (iii) simultaneous overexpression of genes RoPYC, RoMDH and SpMAE1.
Proteomic analysis has also revealed the repression of a chloroplast malate dehydrogenase (MDH) suggesting a relative reduction in malate export [ 42].
Instead of transferring the generated NADH, a malate dehydrogenase enzyme converts oxaloacetate to malate, which is translocated to the mitochondrial matrix.
Biochemical mechanism of lipid-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reversal with a malate analogue.
Unlike most bacteria, conversion of malate to oxaloacetate is catalysed by a malate dehydrogenase functioning with a quinone acceptor (EC 1.1.99.16, AARI_13630) rather than with NAD (E.C. 1.1.1.37).
As opposed to phenotypic screening, the target-based drug discovery has been less successful with few examples like identification of drug-like inhibitors of EthR and malate synthase.
As an example of orthologous genes, the five genes of mammalian malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDHm), five plant genes of the mitochondrial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDHp), and four plant genes of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAM) were included.
Using Ma1 as a guide gene, a series of downstream analyses was conducted, leading to identification of weighted co-expression gene network modules significantly correlated with malate, most significant acidity genes, intramodular hub genes, regulator genes, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and MapMan sub-bins, and others.
