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For concise expression, multiple targets moving in a formation with almost identical velocity and acceleration are defined as cooperative targets.
Focusing on the tandem bistatic configuration with identical velocity vector for the transmitter and the receiver, the proposed algorithm has better focusing results with large baselines than the one presented in [18] and less computational burden than the BFFBP algorithm.
Using the GBF method [19], the two-dimensional (2D) expression of the PT spectrum in tandem configuration with identical velocity vectors for both the transmitter and the receiver in the wavenumber domain can be written as S Δ K R, K X = W K R W K X exp − j K R − K Rc 2 2 b exp − j K X x n exp − j R B + h x tan β 4 K R 2 cos 2 β − K X 2 (3).
Flows characterized by the same value of the Womersley number have identical velocity profiles.
Since both systems were configured to have identical velocity range, this superior contrast is mainly attributable to the superior penetration of the 1-μm probe beam.
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Additional experiments are conducted by impacting targets repeatedly at identical velocities, and comparing the resulting residual velocities of the penetrating projectiles.
This is defined by the ratio of pressure drops at identical velocities: {text{RF}} = left( {frac{{Delta p_{l} }}{{Delta p_{s} }}} right)_{v} = frac{{(mu_{text{app}} )_{l} }}{{(mu_{text{app}} )_{s} }} (9)This is shown in Fig. 8 which suggests in parallel to the results above, that selective velocity contrasts are obtained below around 0.1 m/s for this particular solution.
Different relative curves (horizontal and vertical) were developed and a new threshold velocity (VH-identical velocity) was added to the master curve developed by [2].
The second summand alone would not be sufficient, as it would vanish if all pedestrians in a dense flow have the same velocity (walk with identical speed into the same direction).
For the downstream distances studied, complete axisymmetry (identical mean velocity profiles in both planes) was not found, which suggests it may persis for a large distance downstream of the nozzle exit.
When comparing the simulation setups with identical maximum velocity and coasting position but different station stop times (i.e. setup 1 and 4 or 6 and 9) the velocity profile and therefore fuel consumption during driving is the same, but the fuel savings are higher when station stop time is increased.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com