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A third theory on wage discrimination relates to differences in career dynamics, for instance if self-selection and self-censorship leads to immigrants behaving differently from native colleagues with identical productivity (Duguet et al. 2010, p. 7).
In terms of matching theory there is bunching in locations because two individuals who are both ex-ante best suited to a particular location experience different "luck" in accessing the attributes of the location eg by chance one individual may get a better job offer than the other even though they are of identical productivity.
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If two businesses use identical machines, the same number of people, and equivalent materials to produce identical products, most productivity indexes would produce identical scores.
These results reflect the main obstacles that hindered deeper economic integration in COMESA such as poor condition of trade related infrastructure, the dependence on few primary commodities for export, the orientation towards extra regional trade, in addition to export identical products with low productivity.
One of the most important reasons that hindered the economic integration in COMESA is the orientation towards extra regional trade (particularly to EU, USA, and China) and export identical products with low productivity so it was necessary to analyze COMESA international trade and its effects on COMESA intra trade.
Looking at actual trends in a multifactor productivity index for two plants making identical products (Exhibit III), plant A's productivity exceeds plant B's in any given month and over the entire period.
Even the few exceptions in the literature that solved tour problems considered employees within a work group to have identical cost and productivity.
The labor tour scheduling literature has focused on the development of schedules, and with a few exceptions, employees were assumed to have identical cost and productivity.
6Holden and Rosén (2014) analyze an equilibrium search model in which it is costly for the firm to lay off a worker and where the workers have identical preferences and productivity characteristics.
Furthermore, productivity at identical total residence times was 12% higher for operation with 3 cSSF stages than for a single CSTR stage for pretreated corn stover.
During the initial part of the fed-batch phase, the specific biomass and CO2 productivity were identical to TMB4530.
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