Making Mr. Hanley's job even tougher, Mr. Bloomberg has told him to agree to raises only if the unions agree to money-saving concessions to help pay for those raises, an idea these unions view as insulting.
Accepting as axiomatic their central idea, viewing history as a moving process, and elaborating their core idea to explain this historical process, ideologies develop self-contained explanations of all of history.
Following the Cyprus deal, where none of the €10bn in bailout funds will be used to recapitalise banks, the idea is viewed as dead.
Khieu Samphan, on the other hand, rejected that idea, viewing it as an attempt by Sihanouk and Son Sann to isolate the Khmer Rouge.
Two lightweights, devoid of ideas, viewed with almost as much contempt on their own sides as they are by the wider public, tearing lumps off each other in a race to the grubby arse-end of politics.
Her call for a "debate of ideas" was viewed as a call to revive the party's traditional policy of generous spending.
And some charter schools have veered so sharply from the traditional model — with longer school years, armies of nonunion workers and flashy enrichment opportunities like trips to the Galápagos Islands — that their ideas are viewed as unworkable in regular schools.
Thus, Plato's and Aristotle's ideas are viewed as derived from Pythagoras (with the mediation of other early Pythagoreans).
One of the things the book covers is how scientists were jailed and even executed in many countries when their ideas were viewed as politically inconvenient.
But Trump's positions, which reflect intense nationalism, suspicion of Muslims and a call for sharp reductions of legal immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants, have provided greater legitimacy to ideas once viewed as too divisive for the mainstream.
