Whether "Brown vs. Board of Education," "funds for remediating low-performers vs. specialty programs for high performers," or "America vs. high performing OECD countries," Gladwell's idea of "disadvantages as advantages" is about how difficult times shape us for the better.
Useful research would emphasize multilevel (contextual) designs, the idea of "cumulative disadvantage" over the life course, the need for multiracial conceptualizations, and comparative, cross-national designs.
Historian and Philadelphia-native Lombardo demonstrates how blue-collar whites did not immediately abandon welfare liberalism but instead selectively rejected liberal policies based on culturally defined ideas of privilege, disadvantage, identity, and entitlement.
Over time, there have been attempts to broaden the idea of poverty and disadvantage beyond the blunt measure of income.
The measure was promoted on the idea of reducing the "competitive disadvantage" that American companies said they suffered on the tax front.
On the other side of the field, Malcolm Gladwell, the counter-intuitive craftsman, in his book David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants, promotes the idea of "desirable difficulty," wherein disadvantages propel people to extraordinary achievement and creativity.
The policy is based on the idea that disadvantage starts in utero and early childhood.
"They cannot break out of that cycle of disadvantage.
"It's kind of amoeba-like, this notion of disadvantage.
However, this can be somewhat of disadvantage for Linux.
