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Sampling of both vapour and residual ice fractions has been performed with the use of a vacuum line designed for the extraction and purification of gases before the measurement of their D/H ratios.
The systems sold by NanoICE produce molecular ice fractions, or ice crystals that are less than one micrometer in diameter.
Ice fractions were determined by measuring the ratio of mobile to immobile water molecules.
In general, a good agreement with ice and gas phase observations is obtained for all stages, better than when using a two-phase model: in particular, the formation of polar and apolar ice fractions in the cold stage and the observed jump abundances in H2CO in the hot corino phase.
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The composition of ice slurry considered for analysis is 14% ice fraction, 16% ethylene glycol, and 70% water by volume.
The experimental results indicate that operating conditions such as ice slurry velocity, heat flux, solute concentration, ice fraction, and ice crystal size determine the degree of superheating.
To gain more insights into the flow properties, local measurements of the axial mixture velocity, temperature and ice fraction distributions were also made near a heated wall.
At steady state, the local heat transfer coefficients were obtained during convective melting, and the effects of ice fraction, Reynolds number and wall heat flux were determined.
Research has shown that ice slurry can be engineered to have ideal ice particle characteristics so that it can be easily stored in tanks without agglomeration and then be extractable for pumping at very high ice fraction without plugging.
An ice fraction of up to about 40percentt was obtained with the nozzle located at the bottom of the ice slurry tank and the jet directed upwards into the water.
The fractionation factor exhibits a cross-over at temperatures around −50 °C with the water vapour fraction being D-depleted relative to the residual ice fraction at T < −50 °C (αice-vapour = 0.969 0.995).
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