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Wild germplasm accessions held at the International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Syria, the International Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in India and other genebanks in USA, Europe and Australia contain valuable sources of novel genetic variation for improvement of these traits [ 6].
Major international research for dry areas is recent, with the establishment of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in 1972 and the International Centre For Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in 1977.
ICARDA in Aleppo, Syria has shown how production can be sustained in the dry regions of the Near East and North Africa through the application of relatively small amounts of phosphate in production systems that integrate cereal, livestock and legume production (Cooper et al., 1987).
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A "FAO-ICARDA-EC Expert Consultation and Workshop on Drought Mitigation in the Near East and the Mediterranean" was convened at ICARDA headquarters in Aleppo, Syria, in May 2001.
The young men and women at the Icarda building in Torbol, Lebanon, methodically go about their business in silence, separating the hay from the seeds, counting and recounting them, treating the fragile little plants for disease with a pink dye meant to ward off fungi.
Elite breeding lines of lentil developed through conventional breeding methods at ICARDA were evaluated in three contrasting environments in northern Syria and Lebanon during 1999 2005.
Surface-sterilized seeds of drought-tolerant chickpea variety ILC588 (Rehman et al. ICARDA, ) were germinated in germination boxes on filter paper at ICARDA (Syria).
Several surveys conducted in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan by the Arid Zone Research Institute in collaboration with ICARDA (Syria) proved useful in planning a recent IFAD funded Integrated Range and Livestock Development Project.
LD decay in a collection of 183 elite durum wheat accessions from the Mediterranean, CIMMYT and ICARDA germplasm included in the association mapping Durum Panel.
In chromosome 2B, coincident with Ppd-B1, (wPt-7320 at 47.7 cM position and associated markers) a strong differentiation was observed between the Italian and ICARDA populations (bred in temperate zones) vs. the CIMMYT sub-populations bred at sub-tropical latitudes (FST differentiation pattern 3).
In Syria, ICARDA studied the effect of fallows on moisture conservation in a barley/fallow rotation at six sites with annual rainfalls varying from 260 to 350 mm.
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