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Dr. Chris Coppola illustrates this power in his memoir, "A Pediatric Surgeon in Iraq" (NTI Upstream, 2009).
The results obtained thereby indicate that: (i) upstream region of −35 box, (ii) −35 region, (iii) spacer region and, (iv) −10 box, are important for mycobacterial promoters.
Figure 2 shows the case for the sensor node j and i upstream neighbor nodes, including the sensor node 1, node 2,..., node i. Figure 2 Sensor node model.
The Pat1 promoter has been described previously [32] [29], while the Pat2 promoter is a 648-bp fragment from the P24 promoter [33] flanked by Sal I (upstream) and Bam HI (downstream) restriction sites.
DNA fragments flanking the codY gene, that are, the ∼700 bp XbaI-ClaI upstream and the ∼1000 bp ClaI-KpnI downstream fragments, were obtained by PCR amplification from genomic DNA.
In order to evaluate the DUX4c promoter activity, we fused a 477-bp PstI/EagI upstream fragment to the luciferase reporter gene in pGL3 and generated pDUX4c-LUC (Fig. 1B).
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In addition to the zebrafish gnrh3 promoter, the Atlantic salmon GnRH-III Pa and Pb [ 29], human GnRH-I upstream (II) [ 35] and downstream (I) [ 36], striped bass GnRH-I [ 37], rat GnRH-I [ 38], and African cichlid GnRH-I and GnRH-III [ 22] promoters were analyzed for TF binding sites.
Together, these results suggest i) an upstream role for CASP2-mediated ROS regulation in modulating autophagy and ii) AMPK activation as an upstream event regulating the activation of MTOR and MAPK1/3 during CASP2-regulated autophagy.
I glanced upstream at Glyn, a fog-cloaked wraith.
I looked upstream, just in time to see Glyn flick his rod upward.
I cast upstream, letting the fly swing in the lazy current.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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