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As their names imply, these variables impute (ie, substitute for) the unknown values of the variables of interest: E I substitutes for E 0, and D I substitutes for D 1.
The probability that a codon i substitutes into another codon j during the time interval t is determined by the rate matrix Q = (q ij ) with entries for i ≠ j, with corresponding substitution probability matrix given by exp(Qt).
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Lacking those, I substituted cucumber.
Instead I substituted broiled red bell peppers.
How can I substitute alcohol without sacrificing taste?
As an experiment, I substituted fresh peaches, and guess what?
"I substitute the players on this team," Groh said.
Then I substituted Glad sandwich bags for Ziploc.
I couldn't find a source for those tiny fresh shrimp, so I substituted regular shrimp.
So I substitute whatever honey I've got in the cupboards, usually orange blossom.
What could I substitute that would be as rich and tangy?
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com