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The simulation reveals neuroblast activity which is consistent with both i) proliferation and migration of proliferating cells into the damaged areas in the absence of PPADS, and ii) earlier neuroblast migration followed by late proliferation in the presence of PPADS.
(I) Proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay, as described in "Materials and methods".
For the hippocampus, conceptually, this process has been divided into four steps: (i) proliferation of NSCs, (ii) neuronal fate determination of NSCs, (iii) survival and maturation of new neurons and (iv) functional integration of new neurons into the pre-existent neuronal network [4].
CD4 T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (see Figure 1 for the general scheme) to evaluate (i) proliferation, which was scored by dilution of CFSE dye that occurs with cell division (Figure 2), and (ii) cytokine production, measured by intracellular cytokine staining (Figure 3).
At least three hypothesized mechanisms exist, including (i) proliferation of luminal epithelial cells from the base of the epithelial glands, (ii) mesenchymal to epithelial transition of residual stromal cells and (iii) regeneration of the luminal epithelium from endometrial stem cells.
Neurogenesis in the adult brain can be divided into three phases in accordance with the sequence of neurogenesis during development: (i) proliferation, when new cells are generated; (ii) survival of a portion of these new cells and their migration toward target areas; and (iii) terminal differentiation into a neuronal or glial phenotype.
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These observations suggest that (i) proliferation-related rRNA synthesis, which is regulated via UBF, TIF-1A/Rrn3p, Rb and a number of other factors [14], [22] [31], is dominant during cell cycle; (ii) the rRNA synthesis that requires basonuclin becomes significant after the down regulation of proliferation-related synthesis when keratinocytes become quiescent.
In this study, we measured fetal testis transcript expression of: (i) proliferation-associated PA2G4 (proliferation-associated 2G4, also called EBP1), which is also a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes (Lamartine et al., 1997) and (ii) apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion associated AIFM1 (Xie et al., 2005).
We then assessed if loss of endogenous STIM1 could modulate antigen processing and cross-presentation by monitoring endosomal pH, OVA degradation, and OT-I proliferation, as described above.
After 3 days, OVA257-264-specific OT-I proliferation and IFN-γ production were evaluated.
In contrast, Mer−/− DCs that had captured infected neutrophils retained most of their capacity to stimulate OT-I proliferation.
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