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FP i): Female population; CEB(i): Children ever born; CA(i): Children alive; CD i): Children dead; P i): Average parity; D i): Proportion of children dead; K i): Multiplier; qx(i): Probability of dying; lx(i): Probability of surviving; ML: Mortality level; Ref. P: Reference period.
The Gumbel Type I probability distribution is applied to predict extreme values of climatic actions.
p i Probability of the idle channel.
C i : Probability mass function of batch size X.
Z i is the cumulative density function of P i (probability that a farmer will adopt at least one improved cassava variety).
The exponentially discounted and expected utility model is assumed for time-consistent samples to derive the functional form of V i as follows: V i reward i, probability i, timedelay i = exp – δ * timedelay i * probability i * utility reward i, (7 where δ denotes the constant rate of time preference.
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(i) Probability-lowering Causes.
Fertilities Fi were estimated from the breeding parameters (see Table 1) probability of breeding pb,i, probability of successful breeding ps,i, mean number of fledged sons per successfully breeding male fi (i.e. total number of fledged young per pair divided by two, assuming an equal sex-ratio), and probability of transition to next stage Gi or Pi as Fi = pb,i×ps,i×fi×Gi (or Pi).
Probability to be selected of meter Mi b at H i. Probability to be selected of meter Mi b based on the square of Ti b.
Suppose that there are associated with each key e i a probability p i and with each interval I i a probability q i such that (sum_{i=1}^{n} p_{i} + sum_{i=0}^{n} q_{i} = 1).
The type I error probability for testing our null hypothesis is 0.05, and the type II error probability is 0.2.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com