In a within-subjects counterbalanced design, 42 hungry participants completed two pizza-cue exposures in a single experimental session during which their expectation of consuming the pizza was manipulated (i.e., expectancy of eating imminently vs. no eating expectancy).
Whereas an automatic facilitation mechanism is thought to produce a benefit for response repetitions at short RSIs, subjective expectancies are considered to replace the automatic facilitation at longer RSIs, producing a cost-benefit pattern: repetitions are faster after other repetitions but they are slower after alternations.
An attainment-relative inequality equivalence criterion is closer to the standard relative one generally found in the income inequality literature: increasing life expectancy (i.e., growth) is distributed in proportion to how healthy individuals are, or health deteriorates over time (potentially due to aging) in proportion to how healthy individuals are.
Expectancy effects (i.e. people's expectancy of web treatment and drug treatment) and the placebo effect may have influenced the trial results.
The data were tabulated in a spreadsheet to allow a series of descriptive graphs for total life expectancy (i.e. for men and women together) to be presented for Scotland from 1850 in relation to: (i) all other available countries; (ii) other constituent nations of the UK; (iii) other western European countries; (iv) east European countries; and (v) American and Latin American countries.
"If we look at life expectancy, I think it's longest in Iceland.
For instance, when calculating life expectancy I scaled down the contribution of low-income black respondents and scaled up the contribution of high-income black respondents.
"I think the expectancy is to challenge for a European place and look to win a trophy," he said.
Once I transition, life expectancy goes out the window.
[GP4, individual drawbacks] "Well, people who, eh, have a very short life expectancy, I will not start to bother".
