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The permeabilities in j and k directions are set equal to permeability values in i direction.
c i is the particle's migration speed in the i direction.
Our method can be divided into two substeps: (i) direction estimation, (ii) pixel filling. .
The reservoir has a constant porosity of 0.2 throughout all the layers with varying permeabilities in i direction.
The crack direction along the first grains, or Stage I, was much closer to the Mode I direction than to the Mode II direction.
where μ i F j Ω is the atomic dipolar component along the i direction computed with a given electric field (0 or ε) in j direction.
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Regarding crack propagation behavior, laminates with 0° fibers show mode-I cracking, whereas, the laminates with off-axis fibers show fatigue crack propagation at an angle to the mode-I direction.
It is also found that the dominant direction of crack propagation in these laminates is controlled by the angle of the central double plies with respect to the mode-I direction.
The crack propagation direction in this testing direction is macroscopically perpendicular to the expected Mode-I direction, see Fig. 3c, where cracked samples of orientations A and B are directly compared.
Table 2 Initial parameter settings in base model Input parameters Values Grids I 23 Grids J 24 Grids K 6 I-direction 23 × 700 I-direction 24 × 700 Frac.
In our 2-D problem, let the lattice L be partitioned into M = MiMj clusters of same size, Mi clusters in i-direction and Mj clusters in j-direction.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com