Hypothetical probability of chance agreement.
These are simulations that can be used to model future uncertainty, and the analysis produces outcomes based on hypothetical probability.
These relationships are summarized in Fig. 4. If these two probabilities are combined, the resulting curve represents the hypothetical probability of improving survival per patient imaged (Fig. 4).
Since money is easier to conceptualize then a hypothetical probability, Willingness-to-pay is more sensitive to changes in the description of the outcome then standard gamble.
The equation for K is; where Pr(a) is the observed agreement among annotators, and Pr e) is the hypothetical probability of a chance agreement.
For the inter-annotator agreement, we used Cohen's Kappa coefficient: where Pr(a) is the relative observed agreement among raters, and Pr e) is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement.
The definition of Kappa statistic is given as follows: (34) κ = Pr (a ) − Pr (e ) 1 − Pr (e ), where Pr(a) is the relative observed agreement among raters and Pr e) is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement.
The average percent correct (identification success rate) was within the range of hypothetical probability given just by chance (mean 33%95%95 % confidence interval 4 %-63 %; n = 10 trials; binomial), as expected from random guessing for a 3-AFC design (Fig. 2a).
The Fleiss' Kappa measure κ is generally calculated as (5) κ = P − − P e − 1 − P e −, where P - is the relative observed pixel-wise agreement among the segmentations obtained from various users and P e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement.
Confidence intervals for such hypothetical transition probabilities can be found through the distribution of the cumulative intensities after manipulation.
