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Either the available information can be analysed in its current form, or the missing data can be replaced with hypothetical observations (imputed data) to allow patients for whom some data are missing to be included in the analysis.
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Although the results presented in this study are largely descriptive and correlative and the model are hypothetical, these observations provided a necessary framework to design experiments to test the exact role of minimal introns in post-transcriptional regulation.
A case study to investigate the fractionated spacecraft for a hypothetical earth observation mission is carried out with the proposed assessment tool, and the results show that fractionation degree and launch manifest have great influence on cost and NPV, and generally fractionated spacecraft is more advanced than its monolithic counterpart under uncertainty effect.
The scheme indicates also some more hypothetical links to observations in mammalian cells, for instance as to the post-prenylation reactions and the transport of covalently modified proteins to their intracellular destination.
These hypothetical emitters of observation symbols are the hidden states in our model.
A majority (60.4%) of all 863 upregulated gametocyte transcripts code for hypothetical proteins, an unsurprising observation given the limited understanding of coccidian sexual biology.
In addition, there is an added bias associated with the "Hawthorne effect" in both direct observation and "hypothetical client" approaches to measuring provider performance.
Since its introduction, DEA has been improved and adopted in a variety of uses in for-profit and not-for-profit situations [ 8] and has been validated by observations, simulations and hypothetical data sets with known efficiencies [ 9].
Overall, these observations indicate a hypothetical mechanism for the activation of iNOS by IL-1β that are, respectively, dependent on p38 MAPK signalling and could involve activation of other MAPKs.
Of note, there is one hypothetical alternative explanation for the observation.
The processing of a perceived action has been attributed to several hypothetical systems, including the action observation network (AON) and the mentalizing system.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com