The average ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS, ω) of the N terminus on all branches was 0.29 under the one ratio model, supporting the hypothetical functional constraints of N termini across the phylogeny.
The hypothetical risks of placing a constraint for 6 h each day on the less affected extremity will be addressed as follows: prior to encouraging the continued wear of the long mitt each week, both the more and the less affected extremity will be tested for grip and pinch using dynamometers and five repeated assessments in each hand.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04266.011 To statistically validate parallel HGT across the tree of life, we performed a Shimodaira–Hasegawa test (SH-test) (Shimodaira and Hasegawa, 1999) by comparing our consensus tree against a hypothetical tree with a binary constraint in which bacterial sequences are monophyletic and separate from monophyletic nonbacterial sequences.
Our strategy for estimation is to augment the observed data with draws from a hypothetical population in which the constraints are not present, thereby taking advantage of computationally expedient methods for fitting mixture models.
The velocity traces were numerically integrated and hypothetical limits (−35° to180° mimicking anatomical constraints) were imposed to the output of integration in order to preserve the realism of resulting postures.
However, during earlier stages of that study, preliminary dating analyses were performed for each of the two different rooting scenarios, using a dirichlet probability prior (DPP) model and including oldest fossils as minimum age constraints for the hypothetical most-recent common ancestors of extant taxa (Additional file 3).
In this study, we systematically explore the options and constraints resulting from a hypothetical zero-deforestation boundary condition for agricultural production, thereby explicitly assessing limitations to grazing.
In a 'growth' scenario, we simulated a hypothetical future without consideration of environmental constraints and where food production and urban expansion are main priorities.
Pollsters should ask people who they want to be president, not "who would you vote for if the election were held today" -- which is a tactical, false hypothetical question that simply replicates the constraints of the voting booth.
