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So geometrically, the amplitude of the perturbation in the HYP can be quantified by projecting the differential log2 expression vector β onto the hypothesis unit vector ŝ.
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To address our hypothesis, units from both unblocking days were screened for phasic responses to one of the four odors using a t test, which compared firing rates during the ITI and novel odor period (significance level = p < 0.0125; Bonferroni correction).
We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that unit dominance after double unit CBT results from an immune interaction mediated by NK cells between the two CB units or between the recipient and the infused units.
The null hypothesis of unit root is tested against the alternative hypothesis of no unit root.
After first-differencing, the null hypothesis of unit root presence is safely rejected for all series.
The empirical analysis shows that for only 5 OPEC members Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, Kuwait and UAE is the hypothesis of unit root rejected.
When the hypothesis of unit root cannot be rejected for the levels, we test for cointegration between the retail rates and the monetary policy rate using the Engle-Granger test.
The calculated values of the ADF and the PP unit-root tests are presented in Table 2, both test statistics failing to accept the null hypothesis of unit-root in each of the selected variables, even under annual and quarterly frequencies (with the appropriate assumption "intercept but no trend").
In recent years, the AD neurovascular unit hypothesis has attracted much attention.
The IPS test has an alternative hypothesis that allows unit roots for some but not all of the individual panels.
Values in parentheses indicate the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis on the unit root Source: Author's estimation.
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