To test this hypothesis, site-directed mutagenesis of these positions was performed in the CTX-M-14 β-lactamase.
The analysis begins with the (perhaps naïve) hypothesis that sites where replacement is likely to have a detrimental impact on fitness evolve more slowly than sites where replacement does not [ 32].
Rejection of the null hypothesis that sites have equivalent ω values is observed when the 95% posterior density of ratios exclude 1 (H0: w1HPD w2HPD = 1).
In current mathematical models [ 37, 39- 41] that embody the covarion hypothesis, codon sites oscillate between "variable" and "invariable" states independently of each other.
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sites of de novo intron insertion are effectively random and that selection drives the emergence of protosplice-like sequences following intron insertion.
Within the available data, site by year interaction was not a significant factor but because the catchment areas expanded, the hypothesis of site by year interaction could not be fully tested.
This step is necessary to test a second hypothesis that site variability on surfaces, especially those of nanoparticles, strongly influences adsorption energies.
To test this hypothesis, four site-specific inhibitors of P-ETC components were administered and their effect on electrogenic activity was recorded using two individual cultures, Nostoc and Lyngbya.
The null and alternative hypotheses are as follows: Null hypothesis (branch site model A, with ω2 = 1 fixed): model = 2; NSsites = 2; fix_omega = 1; omega = 1.
These results support the hypothesis that site-specific p300-mediated acetylation of p65 regulates the specificity of NF-κB dependent gene expression.
