This study aims to evaluate the hypothesis of benefits in clinical outcomes after 2 years of a CCP.
It remains to be seen whether the rufa-group social parasite species (e.g., V. infernalis and V. austriaca), which lack a worker caste but are probably derived from a moderately polyandrous ancestor, have reverted to monandry as predicted by the hypothesis of benefits of a genetically diverse workforce [ 29, 62].
Of course, adaptive benefits remain unproven until tested, ideally by experimentation, but our study identifies potential avenues to explore if the null hypothesis of no benefit (e.g. via low cost to donor and recipient) is to be rejected.
However, among premenopausal women, use of NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, raising the intriguing hypothesis of chemopreventive benefit for this subgroup of at-risk women.
These data point towards the hypothesis of similar benefits in the case of HF due to similarities in the diseases, the clinical, anesthetic, and surgical procedures, and postoperative care.
The PROVE-IT findings were strengthened by the Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Initiation Abates New Cardiac Events (ALLIANCE) study, which confirmed the hypothesis of further benefits with aggressive cholesterol-lowering [ 9].
The 'iron hypothesis' of the benefits of some iron depletion due to menstruation was devised to account for the lowering of heart-disease risk in young women (that disappears in those post-menopause) and was proposed by Jerome Sullivan in 1981 [ 695- 698] (and see also [ 699, 700]).
Granted, these are different tasks, but the set of findings still challenges the hypothesis of a general benefit in bilinguals.
Thus, the hypothesis of increasing trastuzumab benefit with increasing HER2 mRNA expression is not supported.
Initial reports from the ATAC trial generated the hypothesis of an increased benefit in the PR- tumours [ 67], but subsequent reports refuted this hypothesis [ 66].
