This hypothesis groups annelids with molluscs and brachiopods in another superphylum, Lophotrochozoa.
In the SRR hypothesis groups of strengthened synapses, corresponding to specific memories, are episodically reactivated, maintaining the strength of those synapses.
At the ancient phylogenetic level, the pattern of avermectin sensitivity of invertebrates conforms to the modern phylogenomic hypothesis grouping the Nematoida together with the Arthropoda as Ecdysozoa (molting animals), rather than the traditional hypothesis grouping Annelida and Arthropoda as Articulata.
Tautenhahn et al. [ 26] successfully combined highly correlated pairs of mass signals in LC-MS to chemical relation hypothesis groups.
The traditional morphology-based hypothesis groups together Bivalvia + Scaphopoda (Diasoma or Loboconcha) and Cephalopoda + Gastropoda (Cyrtosoma or Visceroconcha) [ 3, 9].
To examine this hypothesis, groups of Wistar male rats were intratracheally instilled with different doses of Min-U-Sil 5 silica (Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV).
The only strongly supported node, however, unites Aididae with Megalopygidae (BP ≥ 99%), in which they were formerly included, contra Epstein's hypothesis grouping them with Dalceridae + Limacodidae.
At the ancient phylogenetic level, we mapped avermectin sensitivity onto the most recent and now widely accepted phylogenomic hypothesis grouping the Nematoida together with the Arthropoda as Ecdysozoa (molting animals: Burda et al. 2008; Telford and Copley 2011).
The following Figure summarizes our hypotheses, grouping them according to the contingency, institutional, and homophily theories (Fig. 1).
Taken together, all the evidence strongly supports the recognition of Markiana plus the Bryconamericus scleroparius group as a monophyletic unit, and contradicts alternative hypotheses grouping Markiana and Astyanax.
