Regardless of mechanism, however, we propose that concentration-dependent effects are important, in contrast to the hypothesis that concentrations above a predefined threshold are neutral in effect.
To test the hypothesis that concentrations of adropin, a recently discovered peptide that displays important metabolic and cardiovascular functions, are lower in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially when associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Our results supported this hypothesis, as concentrations and pools of carbohydrates mostly increased as expected.
The hypothesis that concentrations of persistent lipophilic chemicals on a lipid-adjusted basis would have consistent relationships across matrices is likely too simplistic.
However, in the most cited experiments that led to this hypothesis, nonphysiological concentrations of Hcy (1 10 mmol/L) showed similar effects with cysteine or 2-mercaptoethanol [ 40, 41].
To test this hypothesis, NA concentrations were measured in WT mice at the peak onset of the hyperthermia, 1 h posttreatment with AMG9810 or vehicle.
Contrary to our hypothesis, the concentrations of phenolic glycosides, a known deterrent of slugs and other herbivores (Orians et al., 1997; Fritz et al., 2001), were not higher in the selected population.
In support of this hypothesis, nanomolar concentrations of PCB95, a congener that potently activates RyRs (Pessah et al. 2006), enhanced dendritic growth in primary cultures of neocortical neurons, whereas similar concentrations of PCB66, a congener with negligible effects on RyR activity, had no effect on dendritic growth.
We fitted analysis of variance (ANOVA) models (including age group, sex, collection date, and their interaction effects) to test the hypothesis that concentrations differed by overall age group, overall sex, or overall collection date or to test whether age group differences were sex specific.
However, testing did not support this hypothesis: The concentration of antibodies in eggs laid by the second generation was unaffected by whether or not the grandmother pigeon received the real injection or a sham injection.
