Thus, Eq. 1 can be used as a test of hypotheses where hypotheses are about all candidate outbreak sources responsible for the observed outbreak patterns.
The algorithm presented in this paper searches a space of hypotheses where each hypothesis is a possible tiling of the surveillance grid by non-outbreak and outbreak rectangles.
To that end, we have worked on developing radioligands based on the metal hypothesis of AD, where the ideal ligand has a high affinity to metal-Aβ aggregates.
These findings are consistent with the "multi-hit hypothesis" of CKD, where hyperfiltration in concert with other CKD risk factors causes kidney injury.
To explain this phenomenon, Harley [ 91] proposed the telomere hypothesis of aging, where, despite telomerase expression, the repetitive DNA at the end of chromosomes shortens with age, as observed in fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) [ 92].
The exact mechanism for this is unclear, but there is considerable interest in the vascular hypothesis of AD, where vascular risk factors lead to cerebral hypoperfusion and later neurodegeneration [ 16].
The PCC r was then converted into z-score using Fisher transformation: z (r ) = n − 3 2 log 1 + r 1 − r which approximately follows a standard normal distribution under the hypothesis of independence, where n is the sample size.
Inertia is defined as the total Pearson's Chi- Square of the 2-way table divided by the total sum and can be interpreted as a global measure of the data's deviation from expected values under the hypothesis of homogeneity (where all genomic fragments would have similar trinucleotide profiles).
According to Leonardis et al. [20], model selection can be formalised as (1) S H (n ) = K 1 S data (n ) - K 2 S error (n ) - K 3 S model (n ) with the goal to maximise the savings (or merits) S H (n) of the set of hypotheses, where the indicator vector n T = [ n1, n2, … , n M ] stands for a set of models, with n i = 1 if a model is selected and n i = 0 otherwise.
Cluster 2.8 was characterised by a below background recombination rate (Table 1) supporting hypotheses of "supergene" formation, where linkage disequilibrium between positively interacting mutations is only rarely broken up by meiosis and which might explain observations of high LD within Drosophila immune receptors [18].
