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Molecular mechanisms involved in the hypertonic response of human articular chondrocytes (HACs) are poorly understood.
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We have crossed the NFAT5Flox/Flox mice to CD4-Cre animals to obtain mice with a selective deletion of NFAT5 in mature T cells, and analyzed the role of this factor in the hypertonic stress response and cell cycle regulation in T lymphocytes.
NFAT5 is thus accepted as key transcription factor participating in the mammalian hypertonic stress response.
Additional experiments were performed in triplicate from two healthy donors (n = 6) to investigate whether the hypertonic stress response is specific for pathologically altered cells.
On the other hand, the significance of a complex control of NFAT5 subcellular localization in isotonic conditions might be found outside hypertonic stress responses, since this factor can also regulate osmotic stress-unrelated processes, such as integrin-induced migration, cell differentiation and viral replication [13] [16].
As described previously (Liu et al., 2009), whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of mEPSCs, evoked EPSCs, and hypertonic sucrose responses were carried out at RT using an EPC-10/2 amplifier (HEKA, Germany) from neurons at 12-17 DIV.
The vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist blocked the pressor response to hypertonic saline solution.
No previous study has investigated muscle 5-HT levels in response to hypertonic saline injection.
To assess quality of life (QOL) in patients with sinonasal symptoms in response to hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI), and to assess HSNI use patterns.
Instead, in response to hypertonic stress, nucleosomes at or flanking the ORE sites were evicted before interacting with OREBP.
Consistent with the activation of p53, p21 was rapidly upregulated in response to hypertonic stress in both wild-type and NFAT5−/− cells (Fig. 2A and S4B).
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