Measurements of river discharge and watershed runoff are essential to water resources management, efficient hydropower generation, accurate flood prediction and control, and improved understanding of the global water cycle.
Optimal refill operation before the end of flood season is a valuable and effective approach to compromise the flood control, hydropower generation and comprehensive utilization of water resources of river basins.
Dynamic control of the reservoir flood limiting water level (FLWL) is a valuable and effective approach to compromise the flood control, hydropower generation and comprehensive utilization of water resources of river basins during the flood season.
In the last decades, a series of reservoirs have been constructed and operated along the Upper Yellow River for hydropower generation, flood and ice control, and water resources management.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the utilization status of main generation resources in China, such as coal, hydropower and wind energy.
In competing with China, India may also move forward for an expansion of hydropower generation, which will ultimately impose pressure on the already scarce water resources.
Climate warming will alter Sierra Nevada water resources in a number of ways, but direct impacts to water supply, hydropower generation, and montane ecosystems are likely to be profound.
The drought, affecting Brazil's southeast and central regions, has prompted rationing in 19 cities, undermined hydropower generation, pushed up greenhouse gas emissions and led to squabbles between states vying for dwindling water resources.
In the TGR area, previously, many optimization modeling studies have been conducted but mainly focused on Yangtze River flood control (Cai et al. 2010), hydropower generation (Guo et al. 2011), Yangtze River watershed navigation (Wang and Ruan 2011), and regional water resources allocation and supply (Sun and Lv 2010).
The main strategy for developing generation resources in China is to optimize the coal industry structure and to develop nuclear power, hydropower, wind power and other renewable energy sources vigorously.
Other resource management laws are more directive, favouring a particular use (such as wilderness preservation or hydropower generation on rivers).
