At high flows, abrupt threshold-like behaviour was evident during storm events as hydrological sources in the acidic surface horizons of the catchment soils replace groundwater as the dominant source of runoff.
The metadata mechanism in conjunction with the Java-based application engine allows users to access and retrieve diverse data formats and structures from many heterogeneous hydrological data sources.
It includes all other hydrological data sources in the region that we are able to use in our research.
This study promotes the understanding of the critical role of alpine soils, especially the vegetated surface soils in controlling the eco-hydrological processes in source regions of the Heihe River watershed.
Hydrological and non-point source pollution (H/NPS) predictions in ungagged basins have become the key problem for watershed studies, especially for those large-scale catchments.
By targeting hydrological flow pathways at source, such as overland flow, field drain and ditch function, a significant component of the runoff generation can be managed in turn reducing soil nutrient losses.
Global satellite precipitation products, such as Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and its successor, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), have provided hydrologists with a critical precipitation data source for hydrological applications in data-sparse or ungauged basins.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Integrating GIS with Hydrological modeling: current practices (Source: Sui and Maggio 1999).
The stable isotopes of water are useful tracers of water sources and hydrological processes.
Overall, the IMERG and 3B43V7 satellite precipitation products can be adopted as reliable precipitation sources for hydrological simulations at daily and sub-daily time scales in the study area, with IMERG better suited than 3B42V7.
However, the topic of whether the muddy water in the middle Yellow River run clearer remains debatable, and, in fact, response to the topic is reasonably well documented in regard to hydrological changes in the sediment source area.
