A new method of coupling coarse-grid regional or global climate models with a much finer-grid hydrologic model is described, that is designed for interactive climate-hydrologic simulations with explicit changes in individual rivers, lakes, wetlands and water tables.
The objective of this paper is to present the development and application of a grid based hydrologic model using an object oriented framework within geographic information systems (GIS).
The BCM calculates hydrologic variables on a grid cell basis and can be run at any spatial resolution, generally limited by data resolution, computing power, or file storage capabilities.
The WASI algorithm incorporates ancillary data sets required to determine the depth of effective rainfall (i.e., rate of precipitation plus subsurface return flow, rate of evapotranspiration plus infiltration, duration of rainfall, depth of initial absorption to ground) and a priori information on surface and underground stormwater infrastructure into grid-based hydrologic analysis using a DEM.
A physically based and distributed GW-SW interaction model, Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), was used.
In this paper, a new radiation-derived temperature index (RTI) approach is presented that uses a spatially-varying proxy temperature in place of air temperature within the TI model of the fully-distributed Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) watershed model.
For this system, a distributed hydrologic model of Beijing that adopts a grid cell-size of 1 km by 1 km and covers the city's entire area of 16,400 km2 was developed and validated.
The method is applied for the simulation over the North American continent using (i) NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed meteorologic data and Higgins precipitation data for recent decades, (ii) a vertical column land-surface model on the same coarse grid, and (iii) a new hydrologic model of river, lake and groundwater flow on a 20 × 20 km grid.
SDISTA is a simple model that reconsiders the time area technique using an improved approach that deals with each grid cell as a completely independent hydrologic unit.
