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Rauta, A. K. & Maiti, B. Roaming mediated nonadiabatic dynamics in molecular hydrogen elimination from propane at 157nm.
The reaction consists of the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the organic ligand with the formation of two products, one of which contains a metal-hydrogen bond and the other of which is an alkene.LnM−CH2CH3 → LnM−H + H2C=CH2 (Ln represents the n ligands not involved in the hydrogen elimination).
The onward trajectory of the catalysis is then predicated on hydrogen elimination from C and anilide formation (D).
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The β-hydrogen elimination reaction is thought to proceed through the transition state, and as might be expected from this reaction mechanism, compounds with an accessible central metal atom tend to undergo β-hydrogen elimination readily.
Carbonhydrogen bond activation (β-hydrogen elimination) always occurs after nucleophilic attack in these cases.
The β-hydrogen elimination reaction is an important feature of the hydrocarbon chemistry of both d- and p-block organometallics.
Another reason for the limited stability of alkyl ligands in many d-block complexes is a set of reactions that can be quite rapid, such as β-hydrogen elimination, CO insertion, and reductive elimination.
The reactions discussed above, insertion of C=C into an M−H bond, β-hydrogen elimination, and CO insertion, are often employed for the synthesis of organic molecules in the laboratory and in industry.
In general terms carbodiimide deinsertion tends to be a low temperature and solution-based thermolysis route, and β-hydrogen elimination tends to be a high temperature and gas phase thermolysis path.
The newly detected chain-end groups indicate that the additional chain-transfer reactions were brought about by Et3Al at 2,1-inserted sites and by β-hydrogen elimination at both 1,2- and 2,1-inserted sites.
Since a compound with no hydrogen atoms on the β-carbon atom cannot undergo β-hydrogen elimination, benzyl, CH2(C6H5), and methyltrimethylsilyl, CH2Si(CH3)3 (shown below) ligands are generally more robust than ethyl ligands when attached to d-block metal atoms.
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