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On March 18 , 2013 NASA reported evidence from instruments on the Curiosity rover of mineral hydration, likely hydrated calcium sulfate, in several rock samples including the broken fragments of "Tintina" rock and "Sutton Inlier" rock as well as in veins and nodules in other rocks like "Knorr" rock and "Wernicke" rock.
This expansive additive in the environment of hydrating cement transforms into the hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate phase known as ettringite at "right time" to give the expansion before the early hardening process is completed.
By means of XRD, SEM and FT-IR, the main hydration products of the CFBCA and MCFBCAs samples are hydrated calcium silicate (C S H), ettringite, gypsum and some portlandite, but no obvious hydration products are detected in the PFA.
Experiment results indicated that the novel self-healing spacer fluid could penetrate into the micro-cracks or micro-annulus within the cement sheath to activate the hydration reaction of the non-hydrated cement, thereby producing a hydrated calcium silicate gel (C S H or C A H) that could strengthen the main body for the damaged zone.
SEM revealed that the main hydration products of specimens containing CFBC ash are AFt (ettringite), C S H (hydrated calcium silicate) and portlandite.
It can be concluded through comparing Fig. 3a, b that the LP induces the formation of C 3 A · CaCO 3 · 11 H 2 O, which is shown at 2θ of 23° in Fig. 3b and the influence of the LP on the hydration of tricalcium silicate is unclear because of the peak overlapping of hydrated calcium silicate and calcium carbonate.
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Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) in a CFB at moderate temperatures with the T T sorbent, a hydrated calcium-based sorbent was numerically simulated using the Eulerian approach with two drag models for heterogeneous gas solid flow, one is an EMMS-based theoretical model (QL-EMMS), the other is an experimental model (O-S).
The CSH precipitates as a colloidal material and grows on the surface of un-hydrated calcium silicate granules, forming a matrix that binds the other components together, gradually replacing the original granules.
Neutralization experiments with hydrated lime, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH 2.
Chemically, it is hydrated sodium calcium aluminium magnesium silicate hydroxide (Na,Ca) x (Al,Mg 2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O.
Hydrated sodium calcium borate hydroxide (Ulexite) was applied in 2005 at a rate of 6 kg ha-1 in response to a foliar boron deficiency but no other applications of fertiliser were made.
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