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Fixed effects included birth year, birth season, sex, farm/owner, and husbandry system.
This has affected the traditional animal husbandry system, as well as the vegetation dynamics of alpine pastures.
The small and medium farms which characterize European agriculture and which exist in many other parts of the world are managed on the traditional mixed farming and animal husbandry system.
This paper describes, through the application of an interactive structured design approach, how laying hens can actively contribute to the functioning of the husbandry system by exercising their own goals.
We found that attacks were concentrated in the free-ranging husbandry system, which was characterized by multi-owner herds, largely grazing communal land far from shelter, and seldom confined.
Improvements in fish survival, growth and productivity are attributed to progress in vaccination and health management (including fallowing), husbandry, system design, feed formulation and provision, and introduction of technology and mechanisation.
Similar(28)
Undermining indigenous rural husbandry systems is an unworthy cause.
However, perches in laying hen husbandry systems are associated with health problems which may result from inadequate perch designs.
Our results underline the importance of identifying livestock husbandry systems and to adjust mitigation strategies to each system.
However, farm animals are predominantly seen as passive receivers of what husbandry systems should provide for them.
In modern intensive husbandry systems there is an increasing tendency for animals to interact with technical equipment.
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