Seven STAT family members are found in humans, STAT 1-4, STAT5B, STandB and STAT6.
The human STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) genes have been identified in three chromosomal clusters: STAT1 and STAT4 on human chromosome 2 (q12-33); STand and STAT6 on chromosome 12 (q13-14); and STAT3, STAT5a, and 5b on chromosome 17 (q17.2-22).
The Drosophila Stat92E gene encodes a homolog of the human Stat transcription factor, which is a target of the Jak-Stat growth-regulatory pathway [ 31].
We used antibodies recognizing human STAT-1, STAT-3, STAT-5, Akt, IκB, ERK and their phosphorylation forms, p52, p65, and GAPDH (1 1,000; Cell Signaling Technology) to examine the concentrations of proteins in MSCs lysates.
Of the seven human STAT genes, STAT3 has been shown to be activated in a wide variety of human tumors and tumor cell lines and its activation is accompanied by increased expression of important cell cycle and survival regulators, such as cyclin D1, c-myc and survivin [ 13, 14].
There are seven known human STAT isoforms that share a fundamentally conserved multi-domain architecture composed of an N-terminal dimerization domain [ 62], a core consisting of a coiled-coil domain, DNA-binding domain, Src2 Homology domain (SH2) [ 63- 65], and a C-terminal transactivation domain [ 66].
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BLASTs [21] were run for each query versus the ESTs and 3,839,543 successful alignments were produced (stored in the Alignments SQL table of the Cancer Mutome database) for 24,932 human queries (Stats database table).
The autosomal recessive form of human complete Stat-1 deficiency is an extremely rare disorder, so far reported in three unrelated patients [63].
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