In humans, the study of visual awareness has been approached using different experimental techniques, and differential responses to recognized and nonrecognized stimuli have been described with fMRI recordings [ 23], scalp electroencephalography (EEG) [ 24, 25], and intracranial EEG [ 26].
Tong, F., Nakayama, K., Vaughan, J. T. & Kanwisher, N. Binocular rivalry and visual awareness in human extrastriate cortex.
Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina.
Zaidi, F. H. et al. Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina.
Collectively these data show that pRGCs contribute to both circadian physiology and rudimentary visual awareness in humans and challenge the assumption that rod- and cone-based photoreception mediate all "visual" responses to light.
Although most of our work together focused on the human visual system, all of the senses contribute to awareness of the external world, and so it is an open question whether similar principles apply to how awareness relates to sensory processing in other modalities.
Hesselmann, G. & Malach, R. The link between fMRI-BOLD activation and perceptual awareness is "stream-invariant" in the human visual system.
We have shown that circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral responses to light, and even visual awareness of light, are retained in visually blind subjects lacking functional outer retinae, confirming in humans the recent remarkable discovery of a novel photoreceptor system in the mammalian eye.
Recent studies in monkeys [3 6] and humans [7 12] suggest that influences of spatial attention on visual awareness may reflect top-down influences on excitability of visual cortex.
This study reports human single unit correlates of internally driven changes in the content of visual awareness in the medial temporal and frontal lobes.
