The health system also draws on the input of a number of other ministries; in the case of human resources regulation, the Ministry of Education, is responsible for the regulation of health professionals' undergraduate training and, in association with the Ministry of Health and Social Policy, of postgraduate training and human resources planning.
The problems in Pakistan's health sector are endemic: limited human resources, spotty regulations, rampant corruption.
Research methodology is outlined below, followed by the policy implications of medical tourism for health systems at their governance, delivery, financing, human resources and regulation functions [ 32, 33].
Based on the health systems functions of governance, delivery, financing, human resources and regulation [ 32, 33], the conceptual framework aims to provide a basis for further empirical studies weighing the benefits and disadvantages of medical tourism for health systems, of particular relevance to countries in Southeast Asia.
When the study goals are considered within a structural framework of input (human resources, financing and regulation) - process (organisation and delivery) - output, it becomes clear that many studies dealt with output and outcome [ 8- 19, 19, 22, 28, 32, 34- 38, 39, 39, 42, 50- 56, 57, 59, 59, 60, 62, 64, 68- 70, 72, 73, 75, 78- 80].
The role of central government in setting standards for professional practice and legal requirements for registration needs to be strengthened so that human resources policies, registration and regulation are mutually supportive.
Although most sub-Saharan Africa countries have a legal basis for medicine registration, guidelines and assessment procedures, regulatory authorities have limited economic and human resources, and the enforcement of regulations is often discretionary so that many public and most local manufacturers do not meet WHO standards [ 19 ].
We used Donabedian's 15 suggested approach to organise the extracted data into the three levels of healthcare: structure (setting, material, human resource, organisational structures, regulations and standards); process (of giving and receiving care) and outcomes (improvements in health outcomes, health behaviours and patients' knowledge and satisfaction).
Human resources technical capacity, medicines price regulation, out-of-pocket payments, cost containment policies, and quality assurance, were the main research gaps identified.
It is obvious, though, that skill mix and regulation of human resources for health is strongly affected by Global Fund activities, especially through the creation of numerous new types of front-line health workers.
