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All HIS mice showed human reconstitution (>20% hCD45+ cells) in the blood before starting the immunization protocol, which correlated with human engraftment in lymphoid organs.
HIS mice with a good level of human reconstitution (>20% hCD45+ cells) were immunized by intramuscular route (biceps femoris) using a 29G needle, three times on weeks 14, 16 and 18 with either 100 µl of the HBV vaccine (Engerix-B, GlaxoSmithKline) or 50 µl of tetanus toxoid (TT) containing vaccine (Tetanus vaccine, The Netherlands Vaccine Institute).
Briefly, thy/liv implanted [28] NOD/SCID or NOD/SCID-gamma chain null mice (The Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) were transplanted with autologous human fetal liver CD34+ cells (Advanced Bioscience Resources, Alameda, CA) and monitored for human reconstitution in peripheral blood by flow cytometry [22], [24], [26].
Noteworthy, in some regards, rCD133 mice showed a more robust human reconstitution although at early time points.
Even though the full human reconstitution is generally not achieved, HIS mice have already given valuable results for a better understanding of the differentiation potential of human immune populations (Huntington and Di Santo, 2008; Meek et al, 2010) and for the study of viral human pathogens (Legrand et al, 2009).
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Thus, we investigated the kinetics of human immunoglobulin reconstitution in blood of DRAG mice.
Three to 4 months after injection, bone marrow was harvested and analyzed for the level of human cell reconstitution.
Similar levels of human cell reconstitution were observed at the three corresponding CD34+ cell3+ celevelsels (Figure 1C).
Chimerism, or the level of human leukocyte reconstitution, was calculated as follows: Chimerism = %CD45+ human cell/(%CD45+ human cell+%CD45+ mouse cell).
Three months later, mice were analyzed for human cell reconstitution in the bone marrow by staining for human CD45 and mouse CD45.1 followed by flow cytometry.
To increase the level of human cell reconstitution and to overcome GVHD, investigators used scid mice infused with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) [3], [7], [8].
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