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And more lines means more alternatives if tissues or organs made by one line are rejected by a human recipient.
A 52-year-old woman has become the first successful human recipient of a type of miniature pump implanted in the heart.
Should a human recipient's subsequent immunosuppression therapy prove successful, they would then face months, even years, of painful healing and physical therapy just to achieve minimal function.
He tested a prototype on a dog in 1958 and, in 1960, Henry Hannafield, 77, became the first human recipient.
However, preformed xenoreactive antibodies in the human recipient activate complement, and thus result in rapid rejection of the graft.
Using pig lung donors, our lab has been working on lung transplants into baboons as a surrogate for a human recipient.
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However, other experts fear that animal viruses migrating from animal tissue to human recipients might cause a pandemic.
Anti-non gal antibodies are produced in human recipients of ECM bio-implants against ECM peptide sequences differing from those in homologous proteins in humans.
By introducing into donor pigs several different tolerance promoting genetic modifications there can be a synergistic effect to produce extended tolerance for xenografted organs in human recipients.
In spite of these possible limitations, both 2F5 and 4E10 were shown to protect nonhuman primates (NHP) against viral challenge (Mascola et al., 2000; Hessell et al., 2010), and no major clinical complication arose when administered to human recipients (Trkola et al., 2005).
CXCL-10 levels have been well correlated with the rejection by human recipients of renal, cardiac and lung allografts [20], [21], [30].
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