If Ava could thrive with one forelimb gone, the seam of its removal nearly erased in her elastic hide, he could negotiate minus one apartment, and could live with the phantom limb of human interdependency that had seemingly been excised from his life at last.
The southern African concept of ubuntu epitomizes the mutual interdependency of human beings, be they scientists or citizens, and the message that 'no person is an island' [ 2].
There are also endogenous viruses and retrotransposons that lurk in our tissues and form major components of our DNA 4. Next, in terms of their interdependency with human physiology, and particularly important in the context of this paper, are the various microbiotas (gut, skin, airway, oropharyngeal, genitourinary).
They fail to take into account the reciprocal influences and interdependencies between imperfect humans and their imperfect work environments.
Evidently, health and health care concerns all people, and are, at a fundamental level, universal concepts with intrinsic value, underpinned by an ontological complexity and reality of the human condition involving concepts such as interdependency, vulnerability and need.
The Kazakh literary concept of humanity is founded upon a complex interdependency of the natural and the human realms that is expressed through numerous metaphors dealing with animal life and the forces of nature.
Its aims are self-sufficiency, sustainability and the promotion of permaculture (agriculture and horticulture that mimic nature's interdependencies and lessen the need for human intervention).
The technological progress has created global interdependencies and pressures embracing all domains of human activity – society, economy and the environment, and affecting both their physical and mental dimensions.
These decisions involve significant uncertainty, multiple stakeholder groups, competing objectives, and dynamic, non-linear interdependencies which test the limits of unaided human judgment.
Figure 7 Complex interdependency of sex and gender throughout the human life cycle.
Reductionist approaches tend to overlook these interdependencies and the trade-offs communities make between human health and their societal, cultural, and ecosystem environments, and it has been pointed out that the resulting solutions often turn out to be only a temporary relief, and can lead to new levels of problems [ 10, 11].
