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The human agreement experiment for this dimension was carried out in the same way as that for the dimension Title.
One can see that the classifier has reached inferior performance compared to the human agreement, as expected.
The human agreement experiment for this dimension was carried out in the same way as the aforementioned dimensions.
Two raters (a PhD student in biology education and an evolution expert) scored these explanations and demonstrated acceptable inter-rater human agreement (>0.81 kappa) for all normative scientific ideas and non-normative naive ideas.
The purpose of the experiments performed in this article are to establish the accuracy of a machine classifier when annotating tweets as hateful and/or antagonistic or not, and thus it is the agreement score for the unit of analysis (each tweet), and not the overall human agreement for all units that is important for validation.
Building a model to predict emotions, beliefs or sentiments (such as hateful remarks) in electronic text requires an additional step to establish a 'gold standard' that is suitable for training and testing supervised machine classifiers, and is based on human agreement on which class a piece of text belongs to.
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Interestingly enough, such a claim is also supported by his account of the origin of property, according to which property is not a natural institution, but only the consequence of human agreements, which lack any legitimacy unless they are recognized by the supreme religious power (Miethke 2000, Homann 2004, Krüger 2007).
It is imperative that all parties in the negotiations sign on to a human rights agreement that would be monitored by international observers.
Some have proposed an international tribunal akin to the Helsinki human rights agreement, which would lay out the ethical obligations to research participants.
Perhaps the most famous of these is the human rights agreement concluded between the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Naçional (FMLN) and the government of El Salvador in 1990.
This may not be a problem in itself, but the low likelihood of such a human rights agreement having been adopted before a situation of humanitarian crisis caused by a NIAC is more problematic.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com