Diffusion may be ignored under these conditions for the whole film-substrate system, but it should be considered in the nanosize system areas with high mechanical stresses, huge gradients of concentration, and high-rate ways of surface transport of the substance.
The wall temperatures in the centre core area (tube array region) are relatively uniform, whereas a huge temperature gradient is measured in the peripheral area.
Furthermore, without the contact discontinuity, the huge density gradient between accretion flow and the evacuated funnel of the event horizon magnetosphere means that plasma flows into the funnel by numerical diffusion.
A Ti/AlN powder mixture with a molar ratio of 2 1 was consolidated by electric current assisted sintering (ECAS) using a special designed graphite die which can give rise to a huge temperature gradient along the vertical direction in the sintering compact.
It also appears implausible that selective Zn-enrichment of LUCA's interior could be accomplished by powerful ion pumps capable of maintaining the huge Zn gradient between the LUCA's interior and the surrounding Zn-depleted, anoxic waters.
The contact of steel columns with building walls is responsible for huge thermal gradients within its cross-section during fire.
The huge social class gradient in obesity suggests that with education, with better understanding of the risk factors and so on, maybe it's going to work.
